Aim in Life Essay

Most people in the world have some ambitions in life. A petty merchant has an ambition to become a big business man, a clerk to be a high officer, a student to be a doctor or engineer. Some desire for wealth, some desire for fame and reputation. A proper aim in life keeps a person shining and glowing in his future life. My aim in life is neither to collect money this or by that way nor for fame. It is my desire to become a well qualified doctor or a scientist. I do not just wish to be an ordinary doctor who spends his times in his laboratory trying to find out new drugs and medicines to remove the suffering of millions of people. The world remembers with thankfulness the name of the man who gave to the world vaccination. The world will remember forever the man who gave us penicillin. As a doctor it is my real wish to server the badly suffering humanity too. Our country is still under development and it has become necessary for all of us, especially for doctors to acheive sound progress in the field of new drugs and medicines, And for the prosperity and solidarity of pakistan we should work hard with spiritual zeal and zeast. I have an ambition to do something in this world so great as the doctors and the courages founders did in the past. I would like to give the world some new drugs and injections that will cure some of the many disease that people are still suffering from. In my opinion, wealth, fame and any other kind of materialistic gain are hollow and baseless if earned through unfair means. In my ambition, it is great wish to help the suffering people. For lawful earnings it will be my foremost dut to server the humanity, by going to the rural areas of this under developed country in order to help the poor and humble people for their happiness and entire satisfaction.

Organ Donation Essay

Many citizens constantly see television shows and media that negatively portray organ donation. One prime example comes from the new hit series, Nip Tuck. Nip Tuck has a storyline built around this image of beauty through plastic surgery while working with an underground kidney market. Many patients in this show wind up being murdered in some cruel intentional way just for a single kidney. Not only does this pull negativity to organ transplants already but someone watching also has to fear the person in need of that organ. Majority of the time Nip Tuck has wealthy, well connected businessmen who need the transplants. Symbolizing any type of authority figure with the power to take a life can begin to inflict a slight amount of oppression through the viewer’s mind. With Organ donation becoming thrown into this light constantly people willing to give donated organs to citizens of need has drastically begun to decrease. More Americans are becoming obsessed with living longer and experiencing more, ignoring the basic side effects of their actions and soon needing some form of organ donated. This growth in exploration has created a large demand for many of these operations, shoes that simply cannot be filled. Organ donation serves three main positive purposes, Scientific Studies, Medical transplants, and Hope. While many might not know a multi-organ procedure is possible many of the same failures an individual could have in their heart, could be linked to the trouble in their kidneys and surprisingly the procedure is relatively common. With a single organ donation there is always the risk of the individual’s body’s rejection of this new article. Now if we introduce two different organs in one operation, the odds Allee 2  of a body rejecting at least one of the organs grow drastically. This adds multiple different stresses on the body not only because of the two separate procedures but as well as on the inside as the body tries to become familiar  with these new tools. Studies show that clinical data on all episodes of treated rejection from a multi-organ transplant out of 56 patients; â€Å"48% of these patients have had no rejection in either organ, 27% experienced heart rejection alone, 14% experienced kidney rejection alone, and 11% had both heart and kidney allograft rejection†( pg. 861-867). Of course there are other factors that play into these tests such as age or condition of other organs but the main outlier in this study was actually the severity of any surgery. Many would look at these percentages in the study as a negative outcome. What wasn’t stated earlier about this experiment was that all 48% of the successful transplants were heart and kidney transplants. The other 52% that had trouble with the new organs were simply because of the isolated heart transplant procedure. This procedure allows for scarce to no mistakes throughout the entire process because of the preciseness. The argument is then discredited because of the relationships with many other surgeries because of the high risk factors. Technological advances are constantly erupting in the medical field from surgery techniques to the basic procedures and listed instructions being taught to the successors of the current medical staffs. The process of organ donation is only increasing in effectiveness and soon will become a large industry in the economic jungle, as of now organ donation may still be a recalled toy in some cases but the kinks are all becoming smooth and positively functional. Constantly refuted is the health and disease control of most transplant procedures which can contain a plethora of viruses. Facts show that a patient receiving a solid organ transplant was 10 times more likely to become infected with cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease 15 years ago. New advancements and studies have designed an antivirus treatment that is over 95% successful at containing and illuminating CMV within six to twelve months. The patient will receive doses of antiviral prophylaxis either orally or by injection consistently for several months. As the patient shows progress and recovery the dosage is steadily decreased until the body becomes completely self-sufficient. Putting the disease concern to rest another opposition of organ transplants can come in the form of broken or fractured bones. When an individual  receives a transplant the bone structure around the area can become under pressure from the swelling organ trying to recover. A study was conducted in 1994 and scientists were shocked to find â€Å"fracture incidence was 13 times higher than expected in male heart recipients age 45–64 years; nearly 5 times higher in male kidney recipients age 25–44 and age 45–64 years; and 18 times and 34 times higher in female kidney recipients age 25–44 years and 45–64 years compared with NHIS data† (Department of Medicine, 1999). The study was taken from six hundred patients and out of those six hundred fifty six individuals had fractures during their recoveries. Another aspect in the recovery process is the fact that the patient’s body will be weak and low on nutrients due to the lack of food intake and nutrients. The longer a person’s recovery period the more likely he or she could develop weak muscle tissue, and bone structure leading to more incidents. The care programs developed in this day and age not only surpass any rehabilitation abilities from 1994. Now treatment not only includes multiple vitamin and nutritional supplements but also multiple electrostatic treatments specifically designed to work an individual’s muscle structure. This will provide motion and a large supply of blood flowing to the area or muscle needing the extra work. As the muscle structure improves a patient’s bone structure becomes stabilized and reinforced leaving the entire patients system in close to complete health. Organ donation has also been studied from multiple perspectives of the patient and donor. Scientists first wondered the thought process an individual went through to part with his or her organ. One would expect that a person about to go through this procedure would look for some knowledge or research before relinquishing their organ. A study found that not only did the majority of organ donors not have any factual information about their procedure from previous classes or events but the donors also had done absolutely no research on the topic. This showed the scientists that there was no apparent cognitive thought process for committing this act. Most of the studied donors discovered a sense of satisfaction after the procedure simply from the knowledge that they could have possibly saved a life. Another angle taken by scientists was more  direct towards the patient receiving the organ. UNOS is a private, nonprofit organization that coordinates the nation’s organ transplant system under contract with the federal government. In the year 2000, more than 5,500 Americans died awaiting transplants, and in the U.S., there are currently over 80,000 people awaiting transplants. Having abundance in patients waiting for an organ and the shortage in supply majority of the organs received are from people who have passed away and donated their bodies to science. Although a donor can survive his or her life even after giving up a Kidney, portions of the liver, skin & bone marrow few individuals are willing to take this risk only increasing this shortage. Every 10 minutes, a new person is added to the organ transplant waiting list. When a patient receives an organ the family gains an immediate boost of moral and hope. The placebo affect organizes in full force when it comes to surgery. Knowledge alone can give the patient enough to fight and continue the upward rise to recovery. Ninety percent of Americans have openly stated that they are for organ donation. Life changes are difficult to make. Organ transplantation includes plenty of these changes in order for recovery and success. In the end change is for the better. Organ transplantation calls for a healthier diet and slowly working into exercise practices. Any patient will gain from this in the process and the new organ or area from the surgery will not be the only part of their body positively affected by this change. Organ donation is a necessary medical implement and there will always be a need as long as the technology keeps its firm grasp on the medical society. If the organization UNOS does not remain in supply and continue helping save lives many more lives will be lost. Not from loss in supply of the organs but more so from underground procedures. One example of this is constantly seen in Mexico. There was a woman who had needed some cash so she decided to donate a kidney. This individual was told no passport or information would be necessary and that she would simply take a bus to a small Mexican border town then be brought back. Border patrol intercepted a woman being forcibly taken across the border, found in the vehicle was a complete surgical kit, a  single shovel, and a large trash bag. Not only would this individual have never seen another day of life and laughter but this would just be the beginning if organ donation ceased to exist. Eliminating these organ transplant foundations would introduce patients to multiple diseases, possible contamination, and worst of all death from incorrect practice. All of the information only points to a positive present for organ transplants. As long as citizens see the dire need for support and donors, soon organ transplantation will have a successful future, full of keeping both hop es and dreams alive. Works Cited Abecassis M, Adams M, Adams P, et al. Consensus statement on the live organ donor. JAMA 2000;284:2919-2926 Bredehorn T. et al. (2002), â€Å"Questioning the relatives for organ and tissue donation,â€Å" Transplantation proceedings 34(6):2353-4. DiSalvo, Thomas. Clinical Transplantation: Williams & Wilkins 1997, 27 March – Volume 63 – Issue 6 – pg. 861-867, Ed Lovern, â€Å"HHS launches bid for organ donations,† Modern Healthcare, 23 April 2001, 21. Lock M., Schmidt V.-H. (2003), â€Å"Twice dead: organ transplant and the reinvention of death,† Asian journal of social science (31)1:137-41. Organ Procurement and Transplant Network (OPTN) National Waiting List, as of 2 August 2002. Available: http://www.unos.org/frame_Default.asp?Category=Newsdata. Accessed 8 August 2002. Reprints or correspondence: Dr. Carlos V. Paya, Div. of Infectious Diseases, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN 55905 (paya@mayo.edu) U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Organ Donation: Donate Life, â€Å"Frequently Asked Questions.† Available at http://www.organdonor.gov/faq.html. Accessed 08/08/2002.

A Study Of Anatomy And Psychology Essay Example for Free

A Study Of Anatomy And Psychology Essay ? The procedure in lifting the leg to climb a stair is a complex one which involves a huge amount of technology inter-transfer between the brain and the eventual skeletal muscle. There is initiation of the movement at the brain which is transmitted via specialized white fibre tracts to the hip flexors via the intermediate spinal cord, involving a very complex mechanism at the cellular level   The initiation of the   process is at the motor cortex (Ms I) of the brain. The primary motor area is located at the precentral gyrus of the frontal lobe. The area controlling the motion of the lower limbs lies towards the superior surface of the brain. Within this area lies the cell body of the primary neuron. These neurons are known as upper motor neurons (UMN). These UMNs receive modulating impulse from the inputs from the cerebellum and the basal ganglia via the extrapyramidal pathways. These tracts modulate the gross movement initiated at the frontal cortex. In turn these areas are modulated by afferent signals from ascending spino cerebellar, and spino-thalamic pathways. The complex the signal initiated at the nucleus of the cell body is transmitted electronically via the axon of the myelinated neuron via the mode of salutatory conduction. The myelin sheath which surrounds the axon of nerves that involve fast transport, breaks at intermediate regions known as Nodes of Ranvier. The electrical impulse moves in   a jumping manner at these nodes nerve transmission as a neural impulse, generated by the formation of a nerve action potential. Like all excitable tissue, nerves maintain a resting membrane potential that is the difference of voltage across the membrane of the neuron. In neurons this value is   – 70 mV. This voltage difference is maintained by the Na/K pump on the membranes. This impulse generated at the axon hillock is transmitted via the depolarizing phase which allows sodium ions ingress into cells via opening of the Na channels. This entry of Na in one portion allows activation of other Na channels, causing depolarization of the adjacent region of the neuron. Subsequently repolarization occurs via the opening of K channels, which restores the membrane potential. Thus this process continues which allows the transmission of impulse. Many such nerves together descend as the descending cortico spinal tract in the pyramidal system, which travels through the midbrain into the spinal cord, decussating at the level of midbrain( 90% of the fibres decussating and forming the lateral spinothalamic tract) and again at the level of spinal cord ( the other 10%, forming the anterior spinothalamic tract) . It is the former which is responsible for the lower limb movements. The cortico-spinal tract travels in the anterior horn cell of the spinal cord till the lumbar level where they synapse with the spinal ventral root neuron (lower motor neuron). A single post-synaptic neuron receives signals from many neurons. At the axon terminal, the propagation of impulses leads to release of neurotransmitters, which are stored in specialized vesicles. The released Ach diffuses into the synaptic cleft and binds with receptors on the post synaptic membrane to produce excitatory post synaptic potentials. This leads to generation and propagation of impulse in nerves which are destined to innervate the neuro-muscular junction. At the neuro-muscular junction, Ach is released, which diffuses into the synovial cleft and binds to receptors in the motor end plate, and triggers a muscle action potential. The released Ach is destroyed by the acetylcholinestrase. At the level of the sarcolemma of the muscles, the muscle AP travels along T-tubules, opening Ca release channels in the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Ca binds to troponin-tropomysin complex, which releases the myosin heads, these then bind to the actin thin filaments, and draws them closer to the M line. Meanwhile bringing the Z disc closer. This leads to muscle fibre contraction. This is a self propagating sequence eventually leading to the contraction of ilio-psoas muscle, which causes the flexion of thigh on the pelvis. Each nerve fibre innervates many musle fibres ( about 150). This is   the motor unit. The greater the number of motor units recruited by the nerve action potential, the greater the force of contraction of the muscles. In the spinal cord, nerve impulse travels along the lumbar plexus (L1-L5) to innervate the iliopsoas ( hip flexion- ilio-inguinal nerve), biceps femors, semitendinosus and semimembranosus ( knee flexion – sciatic nerve), ankle flexors ( EHl, EDL, TA – tibial nerve), leading to the person climbing the step. This excitatory impulse is also associated with the production of inhibitory action potential ( hyperpolarizing impulse) in the antagonists (eg the glutei, which must relax to allow flexors to act. In the event of raising of the upper limb above the head, to lift a book, the impulse travels along the cortico spinal tract till the level of the cervical cord to synapse with the lower motor neurons of the brachial plexus ( C3-T1). From here the nerve impulses travel to shoulder elevators ( supraspinatus, deltoid, trapezius, and latissimus dorsi)- posterior cord ), elbow extensor ( triceps and anconeus – radial nerve) wrist extensor ( ECRL, ECRB – radial nerve), finger flexors ( FDS, FDP – median nerve and the ulnar nerve)   and the intrinsics – ulnar nerve and the median nerve) A Study Of Anatomy And Psychology. (2017, Mar 25).

SABIC Company , (international business) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

SABIC Company , (international business) - Essay Example al., 2012). From the history of international business, it can be learnt that international organisations have been in existence for centuries, but at present these organisations are characterised by explosive growth and close control of foreign business activities. They market the products and services in different ways than their predecessors did. Traditionally, the complex international business transactions were the domain of representatives, global policies and business specialists. Currently, a converging set of strong economic, social and cultural trends demand that every citizen has certain kind of international eloquence and that must be understood by organisations that operate international businesses (Hill, 2010). Based on this aspect, the report describes international business of one multinational organisation namely SABIC. ... The international business environment is quite complex and diverse than the domestic business environment. This international business is influenced by the process of globalisation. Globalisation denotes the on-going social economic and political procedures that inflate the relationship and encompass the interdependencies among people and organisations of various nations (Rugman & Collinson, 2012). The era of globalisation has brought about a rapid increase in the level of international trade and financial integration. There have also been changes in the configuration of trade and product flows. The forces of globalisation are intense and they are impacting the business activities of organisations. The initiations of information and communication technology (ICT) and quick economic liberalisation of business and investment in several nations have augmented the procedure of globalisation. Present market is swamped with not only industrial commodities but also with the items of regula r consumption. Every day an average individual utilises such products and services which are from different origins. The increased integration of market, mobility of people with international travel for employment along with internet penetration has virtually transformed the international business (Joshi, n.d.; Tayeb, 2000). Globalisation and International Business of SABIC One prevalent example of globalisation and its impact on international business can be observed from a Saudi Arabian multinational organisation namely SABIC. SABIC is a chemical producer which specialises in manufacturing a variety of chemicals, polymers and fertilisers among others. It was established in the year 1976 and since then the organisation has expanded the business considerably in

Personal Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Personal Paper - Essay Example They lived in a broken down shack. They slept on the floor, and they did not have any electricity or running water. My grandmother was the caretaker, while my grandfather supported the family. He worked in the tobacco fields. My mother’s sisters and brothers all pitched in to do all the chores. They had no specific roles. They all cleaned the house together, took turns sweeping the floor, and fetching water. My grandfather and his family finally migrated to New York in 1951. Upon relocating to New York, my family did not move into a Hispanic community, instead they moved into an African American community called Harlem, which is a predominately African American Community. It is believed my grandfather wanted to get away from the Hispanic community. It was very difficult for them due to the language barriers. The family did not speak any English except my grandfather. Upon entering school my mother, her sister’s and brother’s were all placed in the same grade, because they lacked the ability to speak the native language. The school gave them a bilingual teacher who taught them to speak the native language. She was also a big support to my mother’s family, and due to the school support, and the support of the community my mother’s family adjusted very well to their new environment. All of my aunts and uncles married, and soon branched out into different communities, and had children of their own. I was born and raised in a New York City Housing Project (NYCHA) called Jefferson, which consisted of a multicultural community. I resided in the home with my mother, father and five siblings. Despite my mother never obtaining an education she was very active within the community. She did voluntary work as a school Para Professional with special needs children, and my father worked in a garment factory. Most of the friends came from single-families households. Their main sources of income were either

William Faulkner correlated with his Light in August Essay

William Faulkner correlated with his Light in August - Essay Example The story "Light in August" was first named by Faulkner as the "Dark House" and was officially published on October 9, 1932. It is considered that the origin of the "Dark House" was due to the frustration Faulkner felt within himself after the death of his beloved daughter; nothing stopped Faulkner from going wild because of her daughter's death. It was Faulkner's depression that his creation of "Joe Christmas" revolves around identity framed provocatively in terms of displaced persons in a culture that set an exceedingly high premium upon everyone having a place and staying in it according to race, sex, and class. Joe Christmas was a child born of a white mother but who could never know his race because no one really knew whether his father was black or white. In the end Joe Christmas was sacrificed, and his death represents something of compensation for the social sins of others. One feels that he found his place in dying for their salvation, as he always remained skeptical about his identity. (Williamson, 1993). Faulkner portrays a white man whose "black blood" has in effect been imposed on him by external forces. Nothing in Joe's appearance indicates that he is anything but white, to the point where he is able throughout the novel to move easily in white society without anyone suspecting him as black. Even at the barbershop where he is given close attention to his face and hair, possessing all physical signs of Negro origins, easily detectable, no one recognizes him as the "nigger murderer" carrying a price on his head. Despite of having physical features of a nigger, people don't consider and accept him as a nigger of that town and it often happens that Joe is referred to as "Joe, the white nigger" an obvious oxymoron in the 1930s South. In Robert Penn Warren's words, "Faulkner here undercuts the official history and mythology of a whole society by indicating that the 'nigger' is a creation of the white man." (Singal J., 1997) Joe, the son of a sinful Southern white girl and a carnival dark man, possibly a Mexican considers his father to be partially black, or he might not have been black at all. The crucial factor was that neither Joe nor anyone else could ever know with certainty whether he was black or white in a society in which everything began with that definition. Faulkner has created Joe Christmas as a hostile vagrant, a person who remains unsure of him and who tries to find out his racial identity. Faulkner has made Christmas a disputed and lonely character who, has been viewed as an intense example of modern urban estrangement. He is constantly seeking his identity and always negate the society for the rules the society possesses. He depicts the picture of an all-alone isolated personality who is expecting the society to change for him. At times Joe is wearing dress, white shirt with black pants, which suggests his internal division. And this divided character may even symbolize the racial confli ct of the South as a whole. Faulkner has painted Joe in such a manner right from his infancy to adolescence, that it is clear that

Marketing analyses for the Arab National Bank Essay

Marketing analyses for the Arab National Bank - Essay Example accepting banking services. The bank as its programs tailored to fit into Sheria the Muslim teaching. It is the reason that the company targets high income earners and business Saudis because they have changed to banking system service. There are no barriers for the company to expand its services to other ranches in the country. The strategic direction of the bank projects opening up of more branches and targeting female high income. There are many options available for the company such as partnering with other The bargaining power of the suppliers is high, the customers who deposit money, mortgage, loans, the interest rates. The bank suppliers of the money demand high level of accountability and interest rates. The buyers in this case the loan seekers, mortgage and other withdrawal services. The debit and credit card users demand high level of security for the cards they use. Availability and reliability of the services is critical for the buyers. in card payment transactions and it has a value share of 60%. It means there are other top banks in Saudi that offers better services. Charge card transaction competitive position is at number 4,with 5.4% value share, the debit transactions has a value share of 7.3% and it is also ranked 4 and the credit card transactions has 5.6% value share where it is ranked 7th. The bank has put in place plans to target female consumers but starting only women branches that targets high income women. The cards that the bank offers has a wide range of services that meet the customer needs. The company is also venturing into technology by having touch screen where it offers credit to customers to purchase the devices. The bank has a range of prices and interests that are decided by the Central Bank. The bank also strategized on bringing services closer to the customers through establishment of more branches in remote areas. The bank is committed in implementing a well-structured contingency plan to counter the

Swot and Pestel analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Swot and Pestel analysis - Essay Example In this era of globalisation, the wine industry is experiencing a nascent stage of growth in Germany. As a result, it has emerged as one of the promising sectors offering high influence over the GDP of the economy of Germany (Koch & et. al., n.d.). SWOT Analysis Strength: Strong Brand Image Operating for Nine generations Development of FitzSecco passion fruit High quality of white wines Location of Fitz-Ritter Smaller Wine Bottles Champagne Production Sparkling Wines Weakness: Medium Size High price Opportunities: Small Museum Bacchus Boutique Sponsoring Of Charity Events, Concerts Threats: Varied New Vinters Globalisation Source: (Koch & et. al., n.d.). Fitz-Ritter is one of the renowned and leading wine estates of Germany operating efficiently since nine generations. Moreover, it also includes champagne production along with wine in order to extend its portfolio in the market among other competitors. Fitz-Ritter always attempted to offer more concentration over introducing new prod ucts namely ‘FitzSecco passion fruit’ for the young citizens in order to enhance customer dependency and loyalty, resulting in augmentation of its total sales. Furthermore, another significant factor, which enhanced its equity, has been regarded as the high quality of white wines being strongly preferred by the customers of German market (Koch & et. al., n.d.). ... However, Fitz-Ritter also possesses certain weaknesses such as the medium size and high price of its products, which may not be affordable for lower income groups (Koch & et. al., n.d.). The introduction of a small museum along with a gift shop named Bacchus boutique also facilitated Fitz-Ritter to augment its brand image and uniqueness in this era of competitiveness. In addition, sponsoring of varied charity events, concerts on wine estates and art galleries also provided the opportunity of enhancing the awareness of its target customers resulting in amplification of the demand of FitzSecco passion fruit along with its brand. Due to globalisation and industrialisation, wine industry became highly competitive, resulting in attraction of varied new young aged vinters. It declined the productivity as well as the prosperity of Fitz-Ritter leading to reduction of its position and attributes in the market imposing threats to the company (Koch & et. al., n.d.). PESTEL Analysis In order to eliminate the custom duties over export operations of wine products, Johann Firtz also led the protest campaign named Hambacher Fest by young vintners which significantly affected the business operations of Fitz-Ritter. It declined the brand image, revenues and value proposition of Fitz-Ritter in the market of Germany. Consequently, the movement was not preferred by the citizens of Germany and France and so the entire business operations, shifted into the market of United States. Besides, the restricted laws of the government of United States also acted in a negative way resulting in reduction of the total productivity of Fitz-Ritter. Moreover, health consciousness of the citizens also declined the profit margin and fidelity of Fitz-Ritter

Application of the Henderson Nursing Model from a Holistic Perspective Article

Application of the Henderson Nursing Model from a Holistic Perspective - Article Example Application of the Henderson Nursing Model from a Holistic Perspective Virginia Henderson was an advanced woman of her time. By 1934 she had earned both her Bachelors of Nursing and her Masters Degree in Nursing Education and was well on her way towards making one of the biggest changes in nursing history. In an era where nurses were starting to be appreciated for more than their ability to change dressings, Henderson’s work on a theory of nursing was the right move at the right time in history (â€Å"Nursing Theory,† 2011). Henderson’s Nursing Model Henderson is known as a â€Å"needs theorist† (Kim & Kollak, 2006, p.17). Her prime theory was centered on the idea that a nurse’s position was to help the individual to gain their own independence. This lent a flexibility to the nursing model; an idea that a nurse could be many things to the same patient. Henderson put it as â€Å"assisting the individual, sick or well, in the performance of those act ivities contributing to the health or its recovery (or to a peaceful death) that he would perform unaided if he had the necessary strength, will or knowledge; And to do this in such a way as to help him gain independence as rapidly as possible† (1961, p. 42). ... She was also a strong proponent for the idea that the nurse’s obligation and duty is to the patient rather than the doctor which was a prevalent belief prior to that time. Nicholl (1997) wrote about her â€Å"Henderson’s definition of nursing was a major shift from the task-procedure perspective and one of the earliest widely used definitions to present a conceptualization of nursing that included function and goal† (p.509). Henderson viewed a nurses function as being either substitutive (doing something instead of the patient); supplementary (helping the patient directly to do something) or complementary (working with the patient to do something). This way the patient had a certain control over how his or her treatment went; with the nurse identified as someone who can facilitate that process (â€Å"Nursing Theory†, 2011). This emphasis on the patient having some control over his or her health and treatment is one aspect that resonates with holistic healt h practices. Holistic Medicine and the Henderson Nursing Model Holistic medicine is defined as a â€Å"doctrine of preventive and therapeutic medicine that emphasizes the necessity of looking at the whole person—his body, mind, emotions, and environment—rather than at an isolated function or organ...holistic medicine puts ownership of the patient's health back with the patient, teaching the precepts of exercise, a good diet, adequate sleep, fresh air, and moderation in personal habits† (Shaw, 2008). Originally considered â€Å"new age† and totally against the medical methods of treatment, in more recent times holistic aspects of health care are working alongside mainstream medical techniques. While it could not be said that Virginia Henderson was a

Principles of Data Privacy & Protection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Principles of Data Privacy & Protection - Essay Example Although genetic profiling has its origins in the healthcare establishment, other establishments are warming up to the benefits of genetic profiling, for instance, education and insurance. This interest has stirred up a debate as insurance laws for example, do permit the use of medical data, which could be interpreted as genetic data for underwriting. This has led to concerns among the general public and other organisation of the use and development of genetic profiling by organisations that do not understand the concept of informed consent, and the issues surrounding the use and retention of very personal information. This paper will argue both sides of the argument, as there is a case for and against genetic profiling in each case study, however it soon becomes apparent that the same issues keep arising - namely, discrimination and informed consent. What this means for data privacy and protection is that more clarity is required, as well as a structured approach to amending the cur rent legislation, and it also means that non-medical organisations interested in genetic profiling, may need to provide the solutions to the issues raised in the argument. Data privacy and protection started becoming an issue, after the dawn of the information age. It was now very easy and simple to transfer personal data and information, without going through all the mandatory security checks. The digital age also brought with it the realities of digital crime. Privacy can be defined as "the interest that individuals have in sustaining a 'personal space', free from interference by other people and organisations (Clarke)." For example, banks operate privacy conditions, where it is not possible to access another individual's bank account as this infringes on their personal space and confidentiality. The medical establishment also practices privacy in the form of confidentiality, where a doctor cannot disclose any information to anyone else even if they are related to the patient. This disclosure is often left to the patient.Privacy has several dimensions as knowledge of personal information can be classed under four different areas (Clarke). The first a spect is the personal privacy which is concerned with the individual's body and includes compulsory immunisation, blood transfusion, and compulsory provision of samples of body fluids and tissue and even compulsory sterilisation. This deals specifically with medical notes and medical history. The second aspect deals with the privacy of personal behaviour. This involves what are considered to be sensitive matters such as sexual preferences and habits, political activities and religious practices whether or not they occur in public places. This is particularly important as these matters can subject the individual to unnecessary discrimination and/or unprovoked attacks in the form of homophobic attacks or even intimidation. One example of this in the UK is with the animal testing laboratories, where those involved in animal testing are frequently targeted by groups opposed to testing animals. The third aspect deals with personal communications where the individual can claim the right t o be able to communicate to others, using various media, without routine monitoring of their communications by other persons or organisations. This mainly applies to the wider aspect of

Family Expecations Essay Example for Free

Family Expecations Essay I have found that family expectations are both problematic as well as helpful as I have grown and matured.   My family’s expectations revolve around our shared histories and aspirations as well as their perceptions of what I might be successful at or enjoy in life.   On the other hand, my life outside of my family has developed to a point where I gain encouragement and confirmation about my abilities and projections from other sources, such as my peers, my work, and through socializing. My ultimate priorities are up to me and only I can determine whether or not I am meeting my expectations no matter what my family believes.   That being said, pressures and expectations from my family has helped me to identify certain paths that I might prove successful for me in the long term.   My family usually has my best intentions in mind when they discuss their expectations for me and that can be a comforting and confidence inspiring motivation.   Additionally, if I have doubts about meeting my expectations, my family is there to advise me on what they feel I should or should not be doing in a particular situation based on their wisdom and previous experiences. In contrast, I often feel that my family’s expectations for me are based around what they knew of me as a younger adult or child.   Instead of asking me about my current goals and projects, often times they will revert back to telling me what my dreams were as a kid, or even worse, what dreams they had for me when I was a kid.   I understand that they are trying to be optimistic and positive influences on me, but at the same time I have grown up outside of my family and have created new ideas and goals for my future; not the necessarily the future that they always have had envisioned for me. Prioritizing family expectations is a balancing act for me because I want to make my family proud while at the same time living life according to my own principles.   This can be a difficult terrain to traverse, but ultimately it leads to more open and honest discussions about the best way to live life.   In our family, these discussions can at times become heated, but they are always interesting and we come out of them with newfound respect and hopes for the future. I have found that sometimes not living up to family expectations has been the most fruitful decisions I have personally made in my life.   Making my own choices and following my dreams in spite of my family’s expectations has paid off.   My family is proud of me for having the courage and the ambition to follow through on what I believe in.   If that is in fact their ultimate expectation for me, then I have found the balance necessary to surpass those expectations in the face of all obstacles.

The Effects of Nature or Nurture on Early Human Development Essay Example for Free

The Effects of Nature or Nurture on Early Human Development Essay Human development is a very complex process – from conception to death. There has been a long debate on whether human development is determined by nature or nurture. If their growths were all guided by nature only, they would all be born with a mind of â€Å"blank slate†. This means that they do not have any inborn ability to do anything when they are born. On the other hand, if their growth was determined by nurture only, it would mean that they were fully equipped with all the skills they need in their lives when we are born. In other words, all the physical and mental skills they have right now would have been inherited from their parents and the environment they grow up in has no effect. This essay will focus on the effects of both nature and nurture on three major stages of early human development: fetal, early childhood motor development and learning how to talk. All of these stages are guided by both nature and nurture, and not just one. First of all, fetal development in a mother’s stomach is first guided by nature and continues with nurture. The hereditary information from both parents in the fetus is not affected by nurture. For example, the gender, skin, hair, eye colour and general body size are genetically determined and have nothing to do with the environment that the fetus is in. Also, the parents’ pre-existing genetic health conditions might also affect the health of the fetus as well, such as diabetes. Once these information are set, the fetus continues to grow and many environmental factors affect its development. For instance, the health of the mother and her life style have a profound effect on her baby. For instance, a baby that began its life healthy at first might develop some birth defect due to the mother’s alcohol abuse. On the other hand, a mother can reduce her chances of getting a fetus with birth defects by taking certain vitamin supplements. Once the baby is born, it starts to learn how to move its body parts. Most infants in the same given environment develop their motor skills at more or less the same order, such as rolling over, sitting without support, standing while holding on furniture, crawling, and then finally walking. This is because they are born with the same set of muscles and bones that they learn how to use – the â€Å"nature† part of motor development. However, it is important to notice that the rate of learning these motor skills differ due to the â€Å"nurture† side of development. For example, an infant that practices walking with its parent may start walking on its own earlier than another infant that received no help. Also, an infant that receives much visual and auditory stimulation, such as playing with toys, develops its motor skills faster than an infant that received none. While the baby continues to learn how to move around on its own, it also learns how to talk – an extremely important skill. Speech development is also determined by both nature and nurture. All babies that are born with no birth defects are equipped with physiological requirements for speech: lungs, voice box, and mouth. They also need a properly working brain and nerves to control these body parts and to mentally form sentences. These form the nature part of the speech development because they are the things that the babies are born with. However, they could be useless if the baby does not learn how to use them properly, and this is where the nurture part of the speech development comes in. A baby that is constantly spoken to by others learns how to talk faster. In an opposite case, a baby that receives very little to no interaction with others may not acquire language at all. Speech not only involves talking, but it also involves very important social skills and body language, and a baby can learn these skills faster if it constantly receives proper stimulation from its caregivers. In conclusion, early human development is controlled by both nature and nurture – in fetal development, motor development, and language acquisition. The nature part of development includes the things that the infants are born with, and the nurture part of development includes the environmental factors that the infants receive. Most babies are born with more or less the same basic requirements for life, but the rate at which they develop their skills differ due to the nurture part of development. Overall, nature and nurture cannot be separated because they depend on each other. WORKS CITED 1. Atkinson. R. L. â€Å"Interaction between nature and nurture† in J. Slaght. Reading and writing Coursebook. 2. ABOUT. COM http://pregnancy. about. com/cs/fetaldevelopment/l/blfolatefacts. htm 3. Kidshealth from Nemours. http://kidshealth. org/parent/system/ill/birth_defects. html 4. Ludington-Hue, Susan. How to have a Smarter Baby United States and Canada: Rawson edition, 1985. 5. The Origin of Languageand Communication. http://www. trueorigin. org/language01. asp 6. Wikipedia. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Genie_(feral_child) [ 1 ]. R. L. Atkinson â€Å"Interaction between nature and nurture† in J. Slaght. Reading and writing Coursebook. P162 [ 2 ]. Ibid. P162 [ 3 ]. Ibid. P163 [ 4 ]. Kidshealth from Nemours. http://kidshealth. org/parent/system/ill/birth_defects. html [ 5 ]. ABOUT. COM http://pregnancy. about. com/cs/fetaldevelopment/l/blfolatefacts. htm [ 6 ]. R. L. Atkinson â€Å"Interaction between nature and nurture† in J. Slaght. Reading and writing Coursebook. P163 [ 7 ]. Ibid. P163 [ 8 ]. Ludington-Hue, Susan. How to have a Smarter Baby United States and Canada: Rawson edition, 1985. [ 9 ]. The Origin of Languageand Communication. http://www. trueorigin. org/language01. asp [ 10 ]. R. L. Atkinson â€Å"Interaction between nature and nurture† in J. Slaght. Reading and writing Coursebook. P163 [ 11 ]. Ibid. P163 [ 12 ]. Wikipedia. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Genie_(feral_child).

A micro assembler for a processor

A micro assembler for a processor INTRODUCTION A micro assembler (sometimes called a meta-assembler) is acomputer programthat helps prepare amicroprogramto control the low level operation of a computer in much the same way anassemblerhelps prepare higher level code for aprocessor. The difference is that the microprogram is usually only developed by the processor manufacturer and works intimately with the hardware. The microprogram defines theinstruction setany normal program (including bothapplication programsandoperating systems) is written in. The use of a microprogram allows the manufacturer to fix certain mistakes, including working aroundhardwaredesign errors, without modifying the hardware. Another means of employing micro assembler-generated micro programs is in allowing the same hardware to run differentinstruction sets. After it is assembled, the microprogram is then loaded to astore to become part of the logic of aCPUscontrol unit. Some micro assemblers are more generalized and are not targeted at single computer architecture. For example, through the use of macro-assembler-like capabilities,Digital Equipment Corporationused theirMICRO2micro assembler for a very wide range of computer architectures and implementations. If a given computer implementation supports awriteable control store, the micro assembler is usually provided to customers as a means of writing customized microcode. Ã ¨ Computer programs(softwareprograms) areinstructionsfor acomputer.A computer requires programs to function, typicallyexecutingthe programs instructions in acentral processor.The program has anexecutableform that the computer can use directly to execute the instructions. The same program in its human-readable sourceform, from whichexecutableprograms are derived (e.g.,compiled), enables aprogrammerto study and develop itsalgorithms. Computer source code is often written by professionalcomputer programmers. Source code is written in aprogramming languagethat usually follows one of two mainparadigms:imperativeordeclarativeprogramming. Source code may be converted into anexecutable file(sometimes called an executable program or a binary) by acompiler. Alternatively, computer programs may be executed by acentral processing unitwith the aid of aninterpreter, or may beembeddeddirectly intohardware. ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE: A program written in assembly language it basically contain of a series ofinstructions- mnemonics that correspond to a stream of executable instructions, when translated by anassembler that can be loaded into memory and executed. For example, anx86/IA-32processor execute the below instruction as given inmachine language. Binary: 10110000 01100001 (Hexadecimal: B0 61) The mnemonic move it tells the opcode1011tomovesthe value in the 2nd operand into the register. Transforming the assembly language into the machine code is done by anassembler, and the vice versa by this assembler. In High-level language, there is usually aone to one relationbetween simple assembly logics and machine language instructions. But, in few cases, an assembler provides instructionswhich will expand into several machine code instructions to provide its functionality. Eachcomputer structureandprocessor designhas its own machine understanding language. Each instruction is simple enough to be executed using a relatively small number of electronic circuits. System may differ by the type of operations they support. For example, a new 64-bit (AMD processor) machine will have different structure from a 32-bit (Intel processor) machine. They also have different size structure and the different storage structure. Multiple collection ofmnemonics codesor assembly-language code may exist for a single instruction set, typically instantiated in different assembler programs. In thes e cases, the most popular one is usually that supplied by the manufacturer and used in its documentation. ASSEMBLER The advancedassemblercreatesobject codeby translating assembly instruction mnemonics intoop codes, and by resolvingsymbolic namesfor memory locations and other entities.The use of symbolic references is only the key feature of assemblers, saving tuff calculations and manual address. Most assemblers also includemacrofacilities for performing textual substitution. E.g.: To generate common short sequences of instructions to runinline, instead of in asubroutine. Assemblers are easier to write thancompilersforHLL. Advanced assemblers, like RISCbased architectures, such asMIPS, SunSPARC, and HPPA-RISC, it optimizeinstruction schedulingto exploit theCPU pipelineefficiently. There are two types of assemblers, based upon how many passes through the source are needed to produce the executable program. One-pass assemblers go through the source code once at a time and assume that all symbols will be defined before any instruction that references them. Two-pass assemblers create a table with all unresolved symbols in the first pass, and then use the 2nd pass to resolve these addresses. The advantage in the one-pass assemblers is about its speed, which is not as important as it once was with advances in computer speed and capabilities. The advantage of the two-pass assembler is that symbols can be defined anywhere in the program source so its an easier way to understand the user. Its results to the program can be defined in a more logical and meaningful way. It will make two-pass assembler programs easier to read and maintain. More sophisticatedhigh-level assemblersprovide language abstractions such as: Advanced control structures. High-level procedure declarations and invocations. High-level abstract data types, including structures, unions, classes, and sets. Sophisticated macro processing. Object-Orientedfeatures such asencapsulation,polymorphism,inheritance,interfaces. Heres how it works: Most computers come with a specified set of very basic instructions that correspond to the basic machine operations that the computer can perform. For example, a Load instruction causes the processor to move a string of bits from a location in the processorsmemoryto a special holding place called aregister. The programmer can write a program using a sequence of these assembler instructions. This sequence of assembler instructions, known as thesource codeor source program, is then specified to the assembler program when that program is started. The assembler program takes each program statement in the source program and generates a corresponding bit stream or pattern. The output of the assembler program is called theobject codeor object program relative to the input source program. The object program can then be run whenever desired. Earlier programmers actually wrote programs in machine code, but assembler languages or instruction sets were soon developed to speed up programming field. Today, assembler programming is used only where very efficient control over processor operations is needed. It requires knowledge of a particular computers instruction set. Historically, most programs have been written in higher-level languages such as COBOL, FORTRAN, PL/I, and C. These languages are easier to learn and faster to write programs with than assembler language. MICROASSEMBLER A micro assembler also called as meta-assembler. It is a kind of program which helps prepare a micro program to control the low level operation of a computer in much the same way an assembler helps prepare higher level code for a processor. The use of a micro program allows the manufacturer to fix certain mistakes, in hardware design also. Another means of employing micro assembler-generated micro programs is in allowing the same hardware to run different instruction sets. When it is assembled, the micro program is then loaded to a control store to become part of the logic of a CPUs control unit. Some micro assemblers are more generalized and are not targeted at single computer architecture. For example, the use of macro-assembler likes capabilities, Digital Equipment Corporation used their MICRO2 micro assembler for a very wide range of computer architectures. THE ASSEMBLER USED BY THE MICROSOFT (MASM) MASM is a Microsofts assembler and abbreviation used for it is Macro Assembler. MASM is a very powerful macro feature, and is capable of writing very low-level syntax, and pseudo-high-level code with its macro feature. MASM 6.15 is currently available as a free-download from Microsoft site. MASM is a one of the Microsoft development tools that are targeted 16-bit, 32-bit and 64-bit platforms. Versions 6.1 and 6.11 included Phar Laps TNT DOS extender so that MASM could run in MS-DOS. MASM will write in Intel Syntax. MASM is used by Microsoft to implement some low-level portions of its Windows Operating systems. MASM, contrary to popular belief, has been in constant development since 1980, and is upgraded on a needs-basis. MASM has always been made compatible by Microsoft to the current platform, and executable file types. MASM currently supports all Intel instruction sets, including SSE2. MAL (MICRO ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE): It describes about the lexical, syntactic, and semantic elements of the language, and gives a focus on microprogramming with the mic1 micro-assembler. Lexical: Most assembly language such as Micro-Assembly Language is a line-oriented language. Each micro-instruction is generally defined on a single line of the program file. The end-of-line is generally significant. It is a case-sensitive. For example, AND is a reserved word Corresponding to a bitwise operation of the mic1 ALU, while and is not reserved and may be used as a label Comments The comments will begin with two slash characters (//) and continue to the end of the line. Blank lines and lines consisting only of white space and comments are ignored by the micro-assembler. Directive Directives for the micro-assembler begin with a period character (.) and may contain alphabetic characters. There are two micro-assembler directives: .default and .label. Directives are used to provide guide the behavior of the micro-assembler, and do not correspond with words in the control store. Reserved Words The names of registers and control lines are reserved, as are the words if, else, goto, nop, AND, OR, and NOT. For the mic1 architecture, the following words are reserved and may not be used as statement labels: MAR MDR PC Fetch If Else goto nop AND OR NOT MORE ABOUT THE MICRO ASSEMBLER: Micro Assembler is Integrated Development Environment for assembly programming. Micro Assembler has a much easier syntax than any of the major assemblers, a great combination for beginners. Micro Assembler is a Windows based application so you can enjoy user-friendly Windows environment. APPLICATIONS Hard-coded assembly language is typically used in a systemsboot ROM(BIOSon IBM-compatiblePCsystems). This low-level code is used, among other things, to initialize and test the system hardware prior to booting the OS, and is stored inROM. Once a certain level of hardware initialization has taken place, execution transfers to other code, typically written in higher level languages; but the code running immediately after power is applied is usually written in assembly language. The same is true of mostboot loaders. Many compilers render high-level languages into assembly first before fully compiling, allowing the assembly code to be viewed fordebuggingand optimization purposes. Relatively low-level languages, such asC, often provide specialsyntaxto embed assembly language directly in the source code. Programs using such facilities, such as theLinux kernel, can then construct abstractions utilizing different assembly language on each hardware platform. The systemsportablecode can then utilize these processor-specific components through a uniform interface. Assembly language is also valuable inreverse engineering, since many programs are distributed only in machine code form, and machine code is usually easy to translate into assembly language and carefully examine in this form, but very difficult to translate into a higher-level language. Tools such as theInteractive Disassemblermake extensive use of disassembly for such a purpose. A particular niche that makes use of assembly language is thedemo scene. Certain competitions require the contestants to restrict their creations to a very small size (e.g. 256B, 1KB, 4KB or 64 KB), and assembly language is the language of choice to achieve this goal.When resources, particularly CPU-processing constrained systems, like the earlierAmiga models, and theCommodore 64, are a concern, assembler coding is a must: optimized assembler code is written by hand and instructions are sequenced manually by thecodersin an attempt to minimize the number of CPU cycles used; the CPU constraints are so great that every CPU cycle counts. However, using such techniques has enabled systems like the Commodore 64 to produce real-time3D graphicswith advanced effects, a feat which might be considered unlikely or even impossible for a system with a 0.99MHzprocessor BENEFITS OF IT: The micro programmed Data General Eclipse S/200 computer is available with a writable control store. The WCS feature of the Eclipse is having extension of the micro programmed control logic of the computers central processing unit. It allows a user to implement specialized instructions at a very low level. Its use is however, discouraged since Data General does not provide software support for the WCS feature. BIBLIOGRAPHY: Microprogramming with the Eclipse Computer WCS feature Corporation, 1974. www.wikipedia.com www.google.com www.ontko.com Answers.com. assembly language: Definition and Much More from Answers.com. Retrieved 2008-06-19. NESHLA: The High Level, Open Source, 6502 Assembler for the Nintendo Entertainment System Eidolons Inn : SegaBase Saturn

Hegel and Kant on the Ontological Argument Essay -- Philosophy Philoso

Hegel and Kant on the Ontological Argument ABSTRACT: I intend to present Kant's refutation of the ontological argument as confronted by Hegel's critique of Kant's refutation. The ontological argument can be exposed in a syllogistic way: everything I conceive as belonging clearly and distinctly to the nature or essence of something can be asserted as true of something. I perceive clearly and distinctly that existence belongs to the nature or essence of a perfect being; therefore, existence can be stated as true of a supremely perfect being, that is, perfect being exists. I intend to argue that Kant criticizes both the major and minor premises. To the major premise, he objects that there is an unqualified passage from the logical to the ontological level. To the minor premise, he objects that existence is not a concept predicate. Finally, I will show how Hegel criticizes Kant's refutation. To the former, Kant's critique is naà ¯ve as he could prove that existence is not inherent to a finite being's concept, which is not the co ncept of God. I. The Ontological Argument Kant's refutation of the ontological argument-which states that from the concept of a being containing every perfection it is possible to infer its existence-is well known: "In whatever manner the understanding may have arrived at a concept, the existence of its object is never, by any process of analysis, discoverable within it; for the knowledge of the existence of the object consists precisely in the fact that the object is posited in itself, beyond the (mere) thought of it" (KrV,B667, trans. Kemp Smith) Existence being neither a predicate nor a perfection, it cannot be inferred from the concept of the most perfect being beyond its concept. Kant's critic... ...e. Notes (1) The ontological argument was first stated by Anselm in the Proslogium, Anselm defines God as a being related to whom nothing superior can be conceived. He inquires on the possible existence of such a being in ours mind only, that is , as an object of thought. The answer is negative, for such a being would be one related to whom a superior could be conceived. The ontological argument presented by Descartes in the fifth Meditation is essentially a modern version of Anselm's argument. (2) G. Dicker, Descartes: an analytical and historical introduction, Oxford, Oxford University Press. (3) Strawson, The bounds of Sense, London, Routledge, 1966, p. 225. (4) Cf.Hegel, Enzyklopà ¤die der philosophichen Wissenschaften, SuhrKamp, ed. Moldenhauer Michel, , & 51 (5) Cf.Hegel, Vorlesungen à ¼ber die Philosophie der Religion, ed. Jaeschke, III, p.324.

Biology Basic Essay -- essays research papers

1. Give several examples of the diversity of living things. Organism inhabits almost every place on Earth. Even the most extreme locations contain life. Tiny organisms inhabit the Antarctic ice, giant worms live near hot vents on the ocean floor, and some organisms even live inside other organisms. 2.Explain how the parts of the biosphere interact to maintain life. Organisms interact with earth other and with the environment. A meat eater will eat a grass eater, who feeds on plants, then the meat eater will die and return minerals to the soil, to make more plants for the grass eater to feed on, which is then eaten by another meat eater. As well nonliving things also play a large part in the survival of organisms including sunlight, atmospheric gases, water and minerals. 3. Describe how biology affects five areas of life: food, clothing, shelter, health, and fuel. Food: We can not survive more than 3 months without food. And all foods come from living things, or indirectly from the products of organisms. Biology studies farming, pest control, livestock management, nutrition, food processing, and food preservation to improve the quality and quantity of food. Clothing: Clothing's main purpose in our lives is protection from the environment. Most clothing is made from biological products, Wool, silk, and leather come from animal products. Cotton and linen are common plant materials used for clothing. Shelter: Shelter protects organisms from the changing conditions...

Overview of Different Theories of Motivation Essay -- Motivational The

Cherry, Kendra. (2013). Theories of Motivation: A closer look at some important theories of motivation. http://psychology.about.com/od/psychologytopics/tp/theories-of-motivation.htm The Incentive Theory of Motivation states that people do things, such as work because of the rewards that come with. For example, a child might help his grandmother clean in order to receive cookies. His motivation is the reward of the cookies. In the working world, people get rewarded by other rewards. Some of these rewards are salary, security, and health benefits. Taylor, F. W. (1964). Shop Management. In Scientific Management (Vol. 1, pp. 17-20). New York and London: Happy and Brothers Publishers. Retrieved April 17, 2014 This article provides excellent information about Frederick Winslow Taylor’s research on motivation and the science of management. It provides an interesting perspective on motivation through looking at management as a science. Frederick Winslow Taylor believed that naturally, people do not like to perform tasks and work and they need to be pushed. Workers also need to be controlled. Miner, B. John. (2005). Library of Congress Catalog-In-Publication Data. http://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=kUO5NWwaySYC&oi=fnd&pg=PA61&dq=Frederick+Herzberg+motivation+hygiene&ots=UE9CujJmGJ&sig=F1v7olQGCGpeMVdG5AbYF6z6xEM#v=onepage&q&f=false One very important motivational theorist is Frederick Herzberg. Herzberg developed a motivational approach known as the Motivation Hygiene approach. This approach contains to hypothesis on how people are motivated to work. The Achievement Motivation Theory explains three motives that drive people to work harder. They are achievement, power, and affiliation. The only way an individual... ....(2011). Principles of Business Management: A real World Approach. P. 275-293 Taylor, F. W. (1964). Shop Management. In Scientific Management (Vol. 1, pp. 17-20). New York and London: Happy and Brothers Publishers. Retrieved April 17, 2014 McGraw-Hills, . (2012). Business Management Boundless, . (n.d.). Expectancy Theory. In Boundless. Retrieved April 13, 2014, from https://www.boundless.com/management/organizational-behavior/process-and-motivation/expectancy-theory/ Adams, S. J., & Freedman, S. (1976). Equity Theory: Toward a General Theory of Social Interaction. In Experienced Social Psychology (Vol. 9, pp. 44-46). New York, NY: Academic Press Inc. Retrieved April 16, 2014, from http://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=vxXx0d9euv8C&oi=fnd&pg=PA43&dq=equity+theory&ots=XFgWiiuQsJ&sig=f7dxRwEJW5i5cPN9Fh4H9YCx2_o#v=onepage&q=equity%20theory&f=false

Analysis of Sherwood Anderson’s Hands Essay

Sherwood Anderson’s short story, Hands, revolves around the themes of being grotesque and being lonely. The author illustrated these themes through the story’s main character, Wing Biddlebaum, who was driven out of his original hometown after he was accused of molesting a young boy in the school which he used to teach in when he caressed the boy’s hair and shoulders using his hands. In short, Wing’s seemingly â€Å"uncontrollable† hands symbolized his grotesqueness. Although Wing had pure intentions in everything he did, his own fear that he might repeat the incident at the school forced him to live in isolation, which also shows that he is lonely. His only friend was George, who was depicted as his â€Å"pupil† and who exhibited the same passion in writing as Wing did in teaching. Basically, from the themes that the author presented in the story, it can be deduced that even though Wing had problems controlling his hands, he still was in fact a normal person as shown in his friendship with George. This was best illustrated when Wing was about to touch George the same way that he touched the boy at the school using his hands but was able to refrain from doing so. He also gave George advice in his career as a reporter for a newspaper, which showed that he wanted to help the boy and not harm him or sexually harass him In addition, the author portrayed that throughout the whole story that when Wing caressed the young boy’s hair and shoulders at the school, he never meant to sexually harass him. His actions were only misinterpreted by the parents of the boy as sexual in nature which eventually led to his isolation. Moreover, the author depicted Wing as a person who still desired human connection but feared doing so because of his â€Å"uncontrollable hands. † In other words, Wing’s apparent â€Å"grotesque† nature, which was symbolized by his hands, was not his fault but the fault of the people and the world around him. It was their perception of Wing that made him grotesque and not his own hands. Works Cited Anderson, Sherwood. 2004. Hands. 14 April 2008 .

The Last Rajah Ratan Tata Case Analysis

rattan palm Tata a living bequest responsible for the eminence of the largest conglomerate, Tata conference in India. The Tata convocation is usurping global existence fastly, with possession of arrangings in almost every major(ip) inter estateal securities industry. It vested a combined securities industry capitalization of more(prenominal) than than $32 zillion in a diversified veer of operations, including consumer products, energy, engineering, study systems, communications, consultancy services and materials (Dobbs and Gupta 2009).SOURCE PROBLEMThe liberalization for Indias economy in the 1990s (Pawan 2001), united with the bold yet accurate foretaste of rattan Tata had a part to play. disrespect Tata concourses exceeding achievements in gaining meaningful presence geographic eithery, uncertainty lurks ahead(predicate). McClearn (2005, 49-53) wrote that the information technology powerhouse requires at least a trillion dollars on al-Qaida investitures to ev eryplacecome poverty. The chthonic reading stockamentals of the countrys facilities whitethorn deter the furtherance of Tata conference locally. Ratan Tata admitted to an opposite imminent problem the lack of a suitable substitute for his position. Tata conference leave be disadvantaged of an able baksheesher to help the organization in soaring greater gamey school (Luthans and doh 2009).SECONDARY PROBLEMS1. Short Term a. clog in Talent Development and its belongings The case study revealed a a couple of(prenominal) looming issues that whitethorn result in the ruin of this mega-group. The unsatisfactory working environment, together with the high gear income disparity has compelled locals to leave for greener awayuresoverseas (Murray 2008). in that location is constant pressure as Doh et.al. (2011, 85-100) had stressed, the incumbent to have a act team of leaders that addresses talent information and its retention in Tatas employment outline.b. Struggles wit h owning Corus The acquisition of Corus has burdened Tata sword with $7.4 jillion of debts. To worsen the matter, the organise do Union representing Corus workers wanted the new management to pump in a further $600 million for boldness of their livelihoods. To execute social responsibility over the workers or for the wearment of the safe and sound business, Tata nerve surely has a tough finis to make (Luthans and Doh 2009).c. Procurement of panther and attain Rovers wrong move Tata Motors may rack up more losings than advantages with the buying of Jaguar and consume Rovers from Ford in 2008. The instant stardom that Tata Motors enjoyed imputable to a rise in prestige was nothing comp ard to the mammoth loss that both automobile brands had incurred $510 million in 10 months since their acquirement. The real challenge is its arriveability in the close cardinal years, tour waiting for an upwardly stir in the premium divide (Srivastava 2009).2. Long Term a. Slimm ing good deal of the Groups business The diversification of Tata Groups businesses has grown too wide, losing point on the core industries that ar substantial pull in churning. Ratan Tata has failed to streamline its existing 100 business involvement to correctful(prenominal) 12 during his stint (Luthans and Doh 2009). As the baton of leaders passes on, the new surrogate will shoulder this heavy out of bounds on top of his portfolio.5. ANALYSISThe tight compass market and intensification of the mergers and acquisitions have brought m whatever adroit employees to the drivers seat. Bi gluma and Ajay (2008, 72,74) explained on the veracity of a talent crunch in India, which will directly impact the heart and soul workforce of Tata Group since90% of its employees argon locals (Tata Sons Ltd 2012). To aggravate the situation further, Gupta (2011) reported on the extreme poor working conditions in Jamshedpur that may strung-out the 20,000 workers and 700,000 residents into considerable wellness hazard. Employees will avoid negativity at all costs and look for bust opportunities elsewhere.Since acquisition of Corus took place in 2006, Tata Steel was pressured under the afterwardmath of the recession concurrently. The mark production in UK has hit rock bottom for years because of the volatile demands from user industries much(prenominal) as automobiles, consumers durables and capital goods (Gopalakrishnan 2011). The high operational cost in UK marginalized the profit yielding which made recovery more precarious. Guarantees of jobs for workers in UK ar impossible, with themselves in toothsome soup.Tata Motors has a long-standing reputation for truck-making, but are new to continental car-makes. Many dealers chew over if the Indian prevaricationr could uphold the tint and reliability associated with the brands, and more essentially, revive the already tarnished repute due to complaints of land rovers in Britain (Luthans and Doh 2009). Nonetheless (prenominal), even if Tata Motors was prepared to make a motion its whole business strategy to an exuberant sphere, justice cannot be done to the two brands. SUVs have lost its novelty among consumers, resulting in a drastic drop in demand. Bad economy has stagnated the desire in owning premier-line cars, putting Tata Motors at tough agnize (Srivastava 2009).Ratan Tata believes in not putting all eggs into a basket when it comes to investment of businesses, but loses his head when the intention of rapid world-wide growth overtakes his rationality. His over-diversification has resulted in causalities such(prenominal) as absorbing substantial join of debts and employment resentment due to suppression (Luthans and Doh 2009). Such unfavourable dower can be mitigated with erupt management and putting himself ahead of the curve.Getting ahead of the curve means envisioning what the prospective day may hold, and that requires a degree of courage. Mr. Cyprus Mistry, the deemed dark horse took everyone by surprise when Ratan Tata appointed him to takeover his reins in celestial latitude 2012 (Udas 2011). Though Ratan Tata sang copious praises of Mr. Mistry, analysts remained conservative. Corporate watchers are skeptical close this new successors leadership capabilities as little was known most him (BBC News 2011). Afterall, he was appointed to lead the group out of the economic lag and debts.If Tata Group is the only organization in India in debts, it is obviously an understatement. Goyal (2011) revealed that Indias worldly concern debt has made up 70% of her realize domestic product. Apparently, borrowing was made for the development of infrastructure to bring Indians out of their monetary scarcity. What had hindered the progress was the mind solidifying deeply embed in most Indians, asking wherefore instead of why not. The nations mentality had created intolerance for laziness, for trashy products and for open corruption (Rajan 2005). Tata Group wi ll need to bite the nail in order to flourish its business in its home ground.6. CRITERIA OF EVALUATION GOALS AND TIME drop Upon establishment of problems that Tata Group encounter, a manakin of the goals and timeline is proposed to help the management forecast the future of the mega-group7. ALTERNATIVES To illustrate the above criteria of evaluation, the strategy statements (S1 to S4) are crafted to assist the management in formulating backbreaking images to rectify the identified problemsS1 Tata Group should accompany a sound business excogitation which addresses talent development, retention and occupational health safety of employees.S2 Tata Groups strategy for the next troika years is to amplification the local presence and revenue in India by 20% at the contain of the third year, by breaking the flagitious cycle of the detrimental attitudes displayed by Indians.S3 Tata Groups strategy for the next troika years is to concentrate on the three highest earning holdings Tata Motors, Tata Steel and Tata Consultancy Services, helping them to recover from their debts as soon as possible and escalate the overall groups international revenue by 40% at the end of the third year.S4 Mr Cyprus Mistry should reduce the design of under-performing industries that Tata Group is investing by 10 every year. During the whole course of downsizing, he should refrain from diversifying into other businesses that will subject the organization to more debts.8. RECOMMENDATIONS AND JUSTIFICATIONSa. Managing and retaining talents These intangible skills of the workers are hard to retain and are significant in maintaining the financial health of any organization (Katz 2000). Therefore Tata Group inevitably to address the needs of talent at all levels of the organization. It can offer the frontline supply and technical specialists with a rise in wage rate. The increase as proposed in the in the beginning section may not be significant to Tata Group in terms of amount, but can reserve a lot more to the lower-income families in India (Guthridge et. al. 2008).While the diaphragm executives to top management are driven by monetary re overrules, other factor such as formulation and development and welfare package may affect their staying power. By sending lag to upgrade their skills relevant to their jobs and re-deploying the senior faculty to train the inexperienced are shipway to show that the organization values their employees. By insuring all employees with necessary health aid benefits and providing a safe, conducive working environment shows that the organization cares their employees. The two methods adopted side-by-side by Tata Group will keep employee expiation high because it enables employees to expand their capabilities and grow at bottom an organization. Retaining of employees is expected (DAmico 2008).b. lay the wrong moves right If the group desires to attain S3 and S4, the wrong moves earlier must be reversed to turn the ta bles around. The gradual reduction of the businesses focus is tie in to the concentration in the three headstone holdings to thegroups empire. With less embarrassment in other areas, Mr. Mistry can unify the available cash-flow, coupled with soft loans from the European Banks to help make room for the manufacture of Nanos, an economical car costing less than $3,000 that spawn a craze in India and the Western continents in 2010. The new prepare is projected to capture the India and overseas market gradually, providing an anchor for steady earnings while re-paying the existing debts incurred by Jaguar and Land Rovers (Srivastava 2009).c. organisation Intervention Tata Groups livelihood in India is grim, unless a hit reformation takes place in India. The whole situation is not commitless with more and more younger individuals being amend in comparison with the older generations. They, freed from past baggage, tend to be more large-minded of competition and open. Complementing with the moral ethics and skills knowledgeable in schools, there is a hope for Tata Group to expand locally without kind-hearted capital as the obstacle (Rajan 2005).9. IMPLEMENTATION, instruction AND FOLLOW-UPBelow is a step-by-step illustration on the proposed strategies, with the limitations, follow-up actions and contingency plans highlighted a. Managing and retaining talentsSteps 1. augment wage rates at a $0.25/hr every year for a period of 3 years. 2. Send middle to top management for work-related enrichment courses that empower them with more knowledge to handle difficult problems. 3. Group Insurance schemes to be introduced across the board, with better health benefits for workers who are consistently open to bad working conditions. 4. Deployment of senior lag to train inexperienced employees to cut down on unnecessary downsizing.Limitations Interference of Trade Unions. Better alternatives available for the same positions at overseas. Follow-Up To see if the object ives set in the earlier framework has beenmet under Contributions to Employees after implementing the strategy for a three-year period. Contingency plan Outsourcing of jobs to other nationalities like Cambodia or Laos where motor cost is comparatively low (Kei 2011).b. Putting the wrong moves right Steps 1. steep under-performing industries gradually, prefably 10 per year. 2. Micro-manage instead of macro-managing by concentrating the fund usage to expand or sustain the three key holdings. 3. Due to the uncrowded market of economical cars in India and overseas, make and deliver as many Nanos as possible to increase market assign geographically. 4. Refrain from new investments in untapped business.Limitation Emergence of other competitors with similar car-make. ill-timed judgment by Mr. Mistry to wind-up possible profit churning business. Follow-Up To see if the objectives set in the earlier framework has been met under Total tax Locally, Total Revenue Overseas, Streamlining t he business and Debts Incurred. Contingency plan To put away market research analysts to assess on the profitability of its existing business forrader any decision of closure is made.c. Government Intervention It is unlikely to draw the execution steps for this strategy as it is beyond the control of Tata Group.10. CONCLUSION Tata Groups survival over a vitamin C is not by sheer luck. Ratan Tata has made an imperative difference by elevating the whole group to higher chiliad locally and worldwide. Whether Mr. Mistry can carry on the legacy left behind by Tata himself, it is still premature to tell at this stage.

Northern Perspectives

It is judicious at this juncture to define the blue grime as a commission of introduction. The Yankee filth (NT) is oftentimes of a political filth, which sh bes geographical office with north Australia. This is the of import distinctive feature. However at that dimension are several differences In terms of the friendly and heathenish orientation within the geographical character of north Australia.The northern territorial dominion knows as a self-putment filth. However the territorial dominion derives its right to govern from the national sevens. This means that the supreme authority is windlessness the national parliament. If follows that the decision reached at the northern soil legislative assembly is theater of operations to the approval of the federal parliament. This happens to be what separates the self-governing territory of the Union territorial dominion from the ride pop out of Australia. The political structure in the big Australia is such that the states are sovereign and solo issue together under the federal judicature.The northern territory self- organization act of 1978 gave a new posture to the northern territory. In this act the northern territory was granted authority that could help it become a self-autonomous entity, usurping a fewer roles from the commonwealth. A few of responsibilities and duties initi on the whole(a)y carried out by the common wealth were transferred to the northern territory. A superficial glance at the territory and comparison with the different states indicates almost a consecrate intercourse similarity. However, the territory suits a shoulder below the rest in terms of authority and the structure of the organisation. It leaves more towards being a self-autonomous territory as oppose to the usual states in the common wealth.Although completely the states in the common wealth are independent and protect sovereignty, the 1978 act to self-given presents the biggest difference between these and the northern territory. The regime in northern territory bottom discover and enforce its own laws, but should the federal politics wish to over acidify or override it, it eject achieve this by means of the parliament. An example in blockage is the euthanasia legislation laddered by northern accordance but overridden by the national parliament ().In the place of a governor, the northern territory has administrator who wields executives power. He leads with the help of an executive council. The territory too has its case in the federal legislature comprising of twain representatives and dickens plenty in the senate.The territory has a legislative assembly consisting of shares that are elected to speaker and the member of the executive council or the ministers. The northern territory withal has local administrations and authorities with m whatsoever full administrative powers in Darwin, the capital city as fountainhead as in an separate(prenominal) l arge towns, these administrative centers provide essential services to the masses ranging from caparison to health among others. Federal territories realize a fully-fledged heavy system with the Supreme Court as the highest judicatory in the democracy.There is a chief minister who leads the self-autonomous political sympathies while the premier leads the state establishment. These two are appointed by the administrator who in turn is appointed by the governor-general of Australia.In the national scene, the parliament is made up of the senate and the house of representative it deals with matters touch almost all the states wish well foreign occasion or the issue of protecting the nation as is the case in the United States. The territorys representation in these two organs is a bit lower to make up for finical status that it enjoys with an autonomous presidential term.Broad tariffThe northern territory governing body is charged with the responsibility of managing the af fairs of the territory fulfill for those that are national in nature like the universe of discourse heritage areas and national parks situated within the territory (Strelein L (2000). This is done to fend off conflicts between the two levels of government. Areas that fall within the northern territory government share of responsibility accommodate but non limited to education, health, and issues, administrative matters, substructure and local government. In tell to per represent these duties the NT government receives funds from the federal government.Relationship with federal governmentIt is clear that the two levels of government are mutually dependent. The federal government looks up to the territorial government to facilitate the death penalty of laws and policies. Additionally the federal government expects to receive bills remitted by the territorial government in order to reach its own objectives. On the other hand, the territorial government receives funds from the federal government to tally its budgetary obligations. This has for long beat been a subject of much debate and controversy non scarcely in the northern territory but likewise elsewhere in Australia and as well in the orbit.The federal government in Australia has to perform a reconciliation act in order to achieve some kind of equity. Equitable distribution of resources is a burred issue here. This balance is fundamental for stability of any nation. An example of inequality is between the State of calcium in the US and the Mississippi between which a huge economic disparity exists. There has existed a general discontent peculiarly from richer states in the way the national government distributes money contributed by these states.One of the of the essence(predicate) areas of teaching that lie within the responsibility of the NT government is heathen ontogenesis. Culture is a actually important composite of any society. However, in the modern world, rarely would any s ociety share in all aspects of a common polish. According to Martin C (1995), this is primarily because of the historical scopes that are as varied as the trends of the modern lifestyle. It is thusly important to understand the rudiments of heathen dynamics before any form of ethnical learnment sewer be contemplated. ethnic development enkindle be defined as the carry out through which the full potential of ethnical assortment can be achieved for the common good. Culture is a most valuable symbol of identity and should not be lost either through enculturation or neglect. ethnic kind brings out the uniqueness of the northern territory community (CUC107 Northern Perspectives. Cultural expansion and adjustment (2007). One of the unique characteristics of the responsibility that the territorial government has in conserving and developing pagan diversity springs from the history of the people of the Northern territorial dominion.The soonest inhabitants of the northern ter ritory were the indigenous people. These people had and even so have a rich culture and impost by which they lived. However, when the European immigrants settled in Australia, they desire to undermine this culture terming it as backwards. They in addition desire to force their own ways, which they viewed as superior. For many days this sight has dictated the nature of interaction between the indigenous people and the settlers. It has also influenced public opinion as well as dominant ideologies (Eckerman T. et al 1992).Upon this background, the territorial government must work to deepen this perception and opinion that is based against the culture and tradition of the aboriginal people as well as the Torres-strait islander people. The long enduring opinion is particularize and ill informed. It is full assumptions and biases that view some cultures and radiation patterns as more superior than others. Cultural development begins with the correspondence of the uniqueness o f the self. It is the responsibility of the Northern filth government to get on understanding, acceptance interest and most of all sympathetic existence among people of different cultural affiliations. The conclusion should be for the entire nation to prize other cultures and to nurture rather than to kill diversity. The remnant should also be to create a bullnecked sense of belonging through culture where the population is proud of being who they are.Killing cultural diversity is equivalent to killing own individual identity. The study of culture has somehow gaind awareness among those who take time to give thought to the wisdom those studies. However the world is still at a point where the Hesperian definition of what is superior and what is mediocre is wide embraced. Against this background many cultures have lost invaluable part that were part of the whole thus decorous diluted (Hunter, E. (1993). This presents the main challenge to the Northern territory government in its management and development of culture.The Northern Territory government must work from a obviously point of weakness because many of the cultural practice and customs have lost so much already which cannot be recovered. Elements of culture such as language have also changed greatly. The way people talked as well as the content of these negotiation has changed overtime. Among the indigenous people for instance, folk tales were employ to leave knowledge as well as to pass traditions from one generation to next. However folk tales have today found replacement in applied science and the consequences are a lost method of locomote culture to generations (CUC107 Northern Perspectives. Cultural expansion and change (2007).These are among the challenges that the Northern Territory government faces. capitalistic ideologies and economic power has placed some countries at a position where they can dictate the focalization the rest of the world takes. This includes dominating cultu res. The disadvantaged, minorities and marginalized population have little choice but to tow the key out appropriately (Alder, C. 1999). Economic development in the Northern Territory, which ironically must be encouraged, can only serve to diminish any gains on the cultural diversity front. This is a challenge to the Northern Territory government cultural development plans. It is easy to jut here that the sacrifices that must be made are economic prosperity or the conservation of culture. With the world being the way it is today the Northern Territory government is hard pressed to make a decision to promote economic prosperity at the expense of culture.The Northern Territory government can besides produce a win-win situation, by include innovative thinking to ensure sustainable development both economically and culturally.It is unfortunate that despite the situation that an opportunity clearly exists in the northern territory to develop ways of achieving sustainable cultural de velopment, not much good seems be coming out of the processes. This can be attributed to the fact that the focus of the main stakeholders is wrong. The Northern Territory government has loudly cited scarcity of funds as the main obstacle in achievement of sustainable cultural development.This has denied these stakeholders from seeing the other methods and avenues open to them to exploit the opportunity (Ames, R et al 1989). The Northern Territory government has tried to develop a framework upon which to build its plans. One has been the social function of women and the aboriginal people in decision-making process. Their representation has however not always adequate which has worked against this plan.The NT government has also sought to promote culture by financial backing cultural activities like road shows and festivals especially in Darwin. These ties have served to showcase some of the diverse cultures that exist in Northern Territory. The events are increasingly becoming pop ular though at a very slow pace.The budget for cultural development has also been increasing steadily over the past few years (Christie, M. 2000).While the efforts of the NT government to involve the local communities especially the aboriginal and Torres-strait islander people together with women and other minority groups are laudable. This paper suggests that more can be done in order to speed up up the process and consolidate gains achieved so far. good consultations have a way of fostering ownership. It is therefore important that the NT government seek to improve fight of the local communities in decision-making.Representation should be increased in the decision-making organ. Additionally, in order to increase coercion the NT government should develop a holistic approach that includes educating the people at all levels of the society to appreciate their cultures as well as other cultures within this society. This can be done formally in short community groups as well as throu gh other contemporary media.Another laudable gesture that should be developed further is use of cultural events and festivals. Cultural events have succeeded elsewhere as tourist attraction and consequently served to preserve the practice. In Spain bullfighting is a cultural even that is unique to this part of the world. It has gained a cult like following and has also been used as a tourist attraction. In Brazil, track carnival where people showcase there cultural dances such as samba have also become an eye catching event that is widely accepted all over the world. Similarly events could be organized regularly to showcase the NT diverse cultures.The Northern Territory should also explore the use of cultural ambassadors in other parts of Australia and the world in order to advertise the culture and to promote cultural tourism.ConclusionWhile plans are underway to confer full powers of statehood in the Northern Territory, the territorial government must increase ensure sustainable development in all areas of development. It is the responsibility of the Northern Territory government to promote understanding, acceptance interest and most of all harmonious existence among people of different cultural affiliations. The goal should be for the entire population to appreciate other cultures and to nurture rather than to kill diversity. Cultural diversity must never be sacrificed in the communion table of economic development.ReferencesAlder C (1999) The Aboriginal art securities industry challenges to authenticity, on-line athttp//www.aboriginalartonline.com/resources/articles6.php, (Accessed 3/2/05)Ames, R. feign Axford, Peter J. Usher, Ed Weick, George Wenzel, and John Merritt. (1989)Keeping on the land A study of the feasibility of a comprehensive wildlife harvestsupport programme in the Northwest Territories. Ottawa ON Canadian Arctic ResourcesCommittee.Christie M 2000 Greek Migration to Darwin, Australia, 1914-1921 diary of NorthernTerritory History, 71, p p 1 -14.Eckerman T. Dowd, M. Martin, L, Nixon R. Gray E. Chong, Binan Goonj (1992). BudgingCultures In Aboriginal Health, . Armidale NSW Printery, University Of England.. 23-58.Hunter, E. (1993). Aboriginal Health and History. Power and prejudice in remoteAustralia. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, refreshful York, Melbourne.38Strelein L (2000) Aboriginal land rights in Australia, native-born Title Research Unit, AustralianInstitute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait islander Studies, Canberra.

Ford Motor Company Case Essay

track motor beau monde teddy1. Does fording capture hold in summation many(prenominal) gold?2. How does VEP be leave?3. What argon the alternatives for distri only whening specie?4. What conundrums is the VEP aim intentional to adjudicate?5. As a shell outholder, how would you love the VEP? Would you pick out hard coin in or dividing line? Q.1) Does carrefour altogether overhear similarly over overmuch gold? display 6, 8, and 9 (figures in $ one million million millions) provides s prefer off shape shroud items for report, customary Motors, and DaimlerChrylser. The precondition cultivation indicates that happen across carries the richlyest heart and soul of coin and vendable securi stands among the collar companies. In 1999, crossbreeding had $25,173 of currency and vendible securities plot cosmopolitan Motors and Daimler-Chrylser fuddle but $12,140 and $9,163. compar aptitude at an manufacture level, we as a police squad inf erred that cut through may be carrying likewise much transpose. traverse competes in an persistence that is nonoriously b ar-assed to the frugal cycle, and in the main(prenominal) companies in alternating(prenominal) industries halt to save up hard currency in prevail to cover up for cyclical dash offturns. However, richly touchstone of property in the labyrinthine sense piece of paper does non requirement sign of the zodiac that a confederacys future tense shekels has a extravagantly probable of harvest-feast. A c tout ensembleer-up sit on gold tends to endure the probability to asset high clears generated from expanding dividing line or spend in brand- unfermented projects. guardianship exorbitance detonating device in the lingo would be a demerit when the ships familiarity could exercise the gold to take a shit a high(prenominal) redeem than the alliances be of groovy.It is of the essence(predicate) to quality that alt hough crossing holds the highest issue forth of hard currency, two(prenominal)(prenominal) get acrosss profit per section of 5.86 and fall out expenditure of $51.38 argon pass up than everyday Motors and DaimlerChrysler in 1999. crossbreedings higher debt to blondness pro percentage during this head may be the motive that ca emgambitd the guilds bemuse up of capital to ontogenesis and pointtually fall the pullulate footing.Q.2) How does VEP trifle?The main play of the esteem heightenment intent (VEP) consists of both the choices of inventorying purchase and a gun threadbargon exchange. through this think, considerholders would exchange their vivacious normal investment attach to and discipline B per centums,one-for-one for stark naked cut through parkland and unsanded sort B copes. Moreover, make doholders would come either $20 per plowsh atomic number 18 in property or the eq appreciate in wise carrefour cat valium shares e stablish on traverses set in July 2000. dribbleholders who did non make an election would be inured as if they do a $20 all- funds election. Meanwhile, if the gold preference was oversubscribed, the $20-per-share hire would be reeld pro rata to cover that the association make dod at to the highest degree $10 meg. Dividends on the wise shares would be cut such(prenominal) that shareholders who elected investment firm precisely would get the similar dividend defrayal on their share as the quarterly $.50 per share soon creation paid. A trine pick the social club offers to the shareholders stomachs them to earn a combine of hard currency and line of melody worthy of $20.Q.3) What are the alternatives for distributing gold?Share buy patronize institutional shareholders urged track to conduct share buy over salaried dividends. and hybridizing upgradeite(a) receiving funds dividends since that provided the family members with liquidness wit hout having to treat differentiate B shares and manoeuvre the jeopardy of diluting familys instruction. ( crossroad had 1.15 one million million vulgar shares and 70.9million screen B shares outstanding. The family bear a 40% take as farsighted as it own 60.7 million shares. drop-off downstairs 60.7million until 33.7million would abbreviate the familys voting forcefulness to 30%. on a lower floor 33.7% of yr B shares ownership, all privileges would be lost) Mr. intersection had state that the family had concur to take its portion of the dissemination in the comprise of parvenu everyday shares, not funds. The family in that locationof would bind tens of millions of crude shares to cope for liquidness purposes without reducing their safe detecting of furcate B shares. score a bun in the oven Dividends uni take a shitlyW.r.t. the place enhancement Plan, dividends on impertinent shares would be lessen as there was a $10billion fixate to distribu te immediate recompense. Dividends with additive growth in valuate are absent. cover wants to keep a hulky get of silver to itself because of the hesitation associated with the bills coalesce. It has the option to distribute the bullion in the contour of dividends. Shareholders were taxed on specie dividends at workaday income rate whereas gains know on shares that were buy backd reliable capital gains treatment. thither were no cash deductions for the ships company in the preceding(prenominal) two methods. consequently both theprocedures were akin for the company.4. What problem is the VEP plan knowing to cultivate?The direct antecedent wherefore pass over knowing the VEP was that cut across retrieved its decline(a) was under nursed and the under nursed stress was hold in the companys ability to use its line of merchandise for acquisitions or to attract, hold back or incentivize employees. crossing approximation the VEP would enhance the judg e of its outstanding shares because the recapitalization lead shine up its cash militia and cash flow generating capacity, and as well as indicates steerings potency in the future of the business. In addition, ford believed the adjustments in the employee inducement plans by the recapitalization delve tie cut through guidances compensation even to a greater extent nearly to the work of its transport price. Additionally, as a fragment of VEP, interbreeding denote the Visteon spinoff was not just designed to allow cover to centralise on its sum total business but also give Visteon a casualty to conformation its thickening dwelling impertinent crossover. However, some analysts and shareholders (TIAA-Cref, Calpers) argued that the VEP was designed to keep off a bump that hybridisation could baptistery ascribable to a share buyback. Because a share repurchase would bring low its voting expert in the company, the hybridizing family considered VEP as a commensurate option.5. As a shareholder, how would you sanction the VEP? Would you elect cash or old-hat? At organisation value the VEP suckms to be a favourable fancy harvest-time value to holdholders in the form of cash, without having to compromise operate over the company. As is gleaned from the casing, cover has about 23 billion dollars in cash militia with the proposed VEP set to event up to 10 billion USD back to shareholders. executive director lead be adrift tractability, liquidness and alliance as advantages of the proposed project, however, a bridge of sound questions have been embossed (two institutional investors in particular). The proposed VEP if winning would see the cash reserves of the company lessen by 10 billion, this drastic reduction in cash go forth brand immix signals to analysts and the merchandise as a whole. It could be perceive as a ploy to return bills to shareholders in prospicience of a atomic number 82 down or miserabl e run of performance.though flexibility and realignment is mentioned, that does not await to be the case.The curriculum only allows owners of both customary shares and word form B shares the hazard to reserve fluiditywithout having to drowse off control of their fall apart B shares. The course exit have the Ford family exchanging their special K shares for the new-fashioned neckcloth in addition to the $20 or new roue options. This is especially a satisfying bounty (as the case alludes to their charter for liquidity to exert colonization of divorces and state taxes). If the derivation of Ford is perceive undervalued thus the advice would be for the shareholder to take away the VEP as the share price increases in an addition to the luck to reinvest in the additional new super acid stocks. In shutting we would not delight in of the VEP as we believe the wellbeings of the program does not benefit all shareowners, kinda the pros are load up in favor of t he Ford family. On the reverse a putting green stockholder leave behind adopt the VEP and stomach cash payment if the stock was perceive to be overvalued and only stock options if the stock was perceived to be undervalued.The closing.